教师招聘考试之英语学科复习精选:语法二

阅读次数:编辑发布:发布时间:2014-04-11 14:58:00[ 字体:   ]

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(4)现在进行时

用于表示现在正在进行的动作,如:What are you doing now?要注意的是表示状态,情感的某些词没有现在进行时,这些动词有:like, have,love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish,hope, expect…

现在分词:当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用现在分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一般在后面加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing;以不发音e结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having;以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除去字母组合如show-showing,draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning;以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying,die-dying,lie-lying。

(5)过去将来时

用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作,如: He told me he would come to my party

(6)现在完成时与过去完成时

现在完成时的两个用处是:①用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在,如:I’ve studied English for two years②用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在,如:I haven’t had my breakfast, so I’m hungry now

现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间,现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在,而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如:I haven’t seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话,则将变为过去完成时,如:Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn’t seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:When I got to school, the class had begun 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态,或延续性动词,如:When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes

2.语态

英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态,句子中的主语是动作的执行者,如:I broke the window而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语,如:The window was broken by me被动语态主要用于动作的执行者不明确,或没有必要说出来,如:The New building was built last week 关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号to的动词,在被动语态要还原,如:主动语态 I saw him come in.被动语态 He was seen to come in.

3.助动词和情态动词

助动词本身没有词义,它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词,形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句,否定句,以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有:can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。

4.非谓语动词

非谓语动词分为不定式和动词的ing形式(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围,这一项不是语法重点,但还是要花一定时间去学习,为的是打下良好的基础,为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如:To see is to believe.He want to see a film 还可以作补足语,如:He wants me to leave.也可以作状语,如:I come here to learn English.

动名词也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语,如: The girl driving a car is her sister.(定语) Did you notice his hand shaking?(宾语补足语)

Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(状语)

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